AbstractPrimarily, tempering is used in martensitic stainless steels with low carbon in order to change their mechanical properties. However, it also modifies the corrosion properties; usually depending on the temperature and duration of the heat treatment. This work investigated the impact of tempering on the corrosion of 13Cr4Ni0.02C and 13Cr1Ni0.15C (% weight) steels. Samples were tempered at 650º, 700º and 750ºC, characterized by optical microscopy and cyclic anodic polarization tests in a synthetic marine environment. The results showed differences in the microstructure of the 13Cr4Ni0.02C tempered samples, which changed from lath to lamellar with precipitates in the prior austenite grain boundaries. On the other hand, tempering did not affect the 13Cr1Ni0.15C microstructure. The anodic polarization tests showed that the pitting potential of the 13Cr4Ni0.02C samples decreased with the tempering temperature increasing. Similar values of pitting potential were found with the 13Cr1Ni0.15C tempered samples, which were lower than the 13Cr4Ni0.02C samples after tempering. It shows that even though the corrosion resistance of the 13Cr4Ni0.02C reduces when the tempering temperature was increased, it is better than that presented by 13Cr1Ni0.15C.

Apendagite epiplóica (AE) é uma doença inflamatória abdominal incomum, de bom prognóstico, que vem sendo mais freqüentemente diagnosticada em virtude dos avanços nos métodos de imagem. O achado clínico mais freqüente é dor em quadrante inferior esquerdo. O diagnóstico é obtido por meio da tomografia computadorizada. A recuperação do quadro é completa sob tratamento conservador.

Appendagitis is an uncommon inflammatory abdominal disease, with good prognosis; nowadays it is being diagnosed more frequently because of advances in imaging methods. Clinical finding most often described was abdominal pain over left lower quadrant. Diagnosis is obtained through computed tomography. Recovery is uneventful under conservative treatment.

Apendagite epiplóica é uma doença inflamatória abdominal incomum. Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 44 pacientes com diagnóstico de apendagite epiplóica atendidos no Hospital Barra D’Or, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, no período entre fevereiro de 2005 e setembro de 2006, sendo 82% homens e 18% mulheres, com média de idade de 44,7 anos. Buscou-se caracterizar o quadro clínico-laboratorial e radiológico desses pacientes. As alterações laboratoriais mais freqüentes foram piúria e leucocitose, cada uma presente em 5% dos casos. O diagnóstico foi feito por tomografia computadorizada de abdome com achado de lesão ovóide em cólon descendente em 52% dos pacientes. A resolução do quadro clínico foi obtida com tratamento conservador.

Epiploic appendagitis is an uncommon inflammatory abdominal disease. Data of 44 patients with a clinical diagnosis of appendagitis were retrospectively evaluated regarding laboratory and imaging findings. They were admitted to Barra D’Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, from February 2005 to September 2006. Eighty-two percent were male and 18 were female, with median age of 44.7 years. The most frequent laboratory findings were hematuria in urinalysis and leucocitosis, presenting in 5% of cases each. Diagnosis was obtained through computed tomography showing paracolic oval lesions, mainly over the descending colon in 52% of patients. Patients were treated with analgesics and anti-inflammatory in an outpatient basis. Recovery was uneventful under conservative treatment.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os aspectos na tomografia computadorizada da pneumonia pelo Rhodococcus equi em sete pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo das tomografias de sete pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida e infecção pelo Rhodococcus equi. RESULTADOS: Os achados mais freqüentes foram: consolidação (n = 7) com escavação (n = 6), opacidades em vidro fosco (n = 6), nódulos do espaço aéreo (n = 4) e nódulos centrolobulares com árvore em brotamento (n = 3). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados mais comuns na infecção pulmonar pelo Rhodococcus equi em pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida foram as consolidações escavadas.

OBJECTIVE: To present the computed tomography aspects of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective study of the computed tomography scans of seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Rhodococcus equi infection. RESULTS: The most common findings were consolidation (n = 7), consolidation with cavitation (n = 6), ground glass opacities (n = 6), peribronchial nodules (n = 4) and centrilobular nodules presenting a "tree-in-bud" pattern (n = 3). CONCLUSION: The most common finding in patients with Rhodococcus equi pulmonary infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was consolidation with cavitation.

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar as características de imagem do glioblastoma multiforme, tumor primário mais comum do sistema nervoso central, com ênfase em suas localizações, ocorrência de metástases e relação com o grau de necrose demonstrado por ressonância magnética (RM). MÉTODO: Foram analizados retrospectivamente 67 casos de ressonância magnética de pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de glioblastoma multiforme, retirados do arquivo didático da MED IMAGEM. Todos os exames foram realizados em aparelhos GE de 1,5 T. (GE- Medical Systems), no período compreendido entre janeiro de 1995 e maio de 2003. RESULTADOS: Nos 67 casos estudados, a idade dos pacientes variou entre 4 e 86 anos, com idade média de 60 anos. Houve predominância no sexo masculino, com 39 casos (58%). A localização frontal foi preponderante (47%) seguida de 18% na região temporal e 16% na região parietal. Em 19% se localizou em outros sítios. O aparecimento de metástases ocorreu em 15 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Concordante com a literatura o glioblastoma multiforme predomina nos lobos frontais e acomete preferencialmente pacientes com idade acima de 50 anos. O aparecimento de metástases em nossos casos ocorreu em 22%.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the main MRI characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common CNS primary tumor, emphasizing its location and the occurrence of metastases. METHOD: The MR imaging of 67 pathologically proven cases of glioblastoma multiforme were retrospectively reviewed. The exams were realized in the period between 1995 and 2003, in one of three 1.5 Signa GE units (Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 4 years to 86 years, mean 60 years, and the occurrence of the tumor was preponderant among men, with 39 cases (58%). The most common location was in the frontal lobes (47%) followed by the temporal lobes (18%) and the parietal lobes (16%). In 19% of the cases there were involvement of more than one site and long distance metastases were seen in 22% of the patients. CONCLUSION: According to the literature, the most common location of GBM was in the frontal lobe of older than 50 years old men. Metastases occurred in 22% of our cases.

OBJETIVO: A calota craniana é sede de diversas doenças, as quais podem ser identificadas clinicamente como massas palpáveis ou incidentalmente em estudos radiológicos. O diagnóstico diferencial é variado e inclui lesões de natureza congênita, neoplásica, inflamatória e traumática. O objetivo do nosso ensaio é ilustrar as principais lesões da calota craniana através de avalição por imagens de ressonância magnética (RM), expondo suas características de sinal e demonstrando sua extensão para os espaços adjacentes. MÉTODO: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 81 casos no período compreendido entre novembro de 1996 a julho de 2001. Os exames foram efetuados em aparelho de RM de 1,5T. RESULTADOS: Cisto dermóide [4 casos (5%)], cisto epidermóide [2 casos (2,5%)], cefalocele [14 casos (17,5%)], sinus pericranii [3 casos (3,7%)], cisto leptomeníngeo [4 casos (5%)], histiocitose de células de Langerhans [10 casos (12,5%)], lipoma [4 casos (5%)], displasia fibrosa [13 casos (16,2%)], osteoma [8 casos (10%)], hemangioma [1 caso (1,2%)], meningeoma [3 casos (3,7%)], condrossarcoma [5 casos (6,2%)], hemangiossarcoma [1 caso (1,2%)], mieloma multiplo [3 casos (3,7%)], transformação sarcomatosa da doença de Paget [1 caso (1,3%)], e metastase [5 casos (6,2%)]. CONCLUSÃO: A RM detecta precocemente as alterações que envolvem a medula óssea, bem como demonstra acuradamente o envolvimento dos tecidos adjacentes. Este método é fundamental na avaliação detalhada das lesões da calota craniana.

PURPOSE: A variety of diseases affect the calvaria. They may be identified clinically as palpable masses or incidentally in radiologic examinations. There are many diagnostic possibilities, including congenital, neoplastic, inflammatory and traumatic lesions. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the main calvarial lesions through MR imaging, their signal intensity and extension to neighboring sites. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 81 cases, from November 1996 to July 2001, was conducted. The examinations were performed on a 1.5 T equipment and each one of the cases was pathologically proven. RESULTS: The results were: dermoid cysts [4 cases (5%)], epidermoid cysts [2 cases (2.5%)], cephalocele [14 cases (17.5%)], sinus pericranii [3 cases (3.7%)], leptomeningeal cysts [4 cases (5%)], Langerhans cell histiocytosis [10 cases (12.5%)], lipoma [4 cases (5%)], fibrous dysplasia [13 cases (16.2%)], osteoma [8 cases (10%)], hemangioma [1 case (1.2%)], meningioma [3 cases (3.7%)], chondrosarcoma [5 cases (6.2%)], hemangiosarcoma [1 case (1.2%)], multiple myeloma [3 cases (3.7%)], sarcomatous transformation of Paget disease [1 case (1.3%)], and metastasis [5 cases (6.2%)]. CONCLUSION: MRI identifies bone marrow abnormalities and invasion of adjacent tissues at an early stage. Therefore, it is an essential method when it commes to properly evaluating calvarial lesions.

OBJETIVO: as manifestações típicas da neurocisticercose já são bem conhecidas. O papel deste estudo foi demonstrar os aspectos incomuns da neurocisticercose na ressonância magnética. MÉTODO: foram analisados 172 casos de ressonância magnética de neurocisticercose na Med Imagem num período de 13 (treze) anos em aparelhos GE de 1.5T Signa (Horizon, LX e CVI). Dos casos analisados, foram diversas as formas de apresentação, incluindo intraventricular, intraespinhal, cisternal, orbital, formas atípicas parenquimatosas (simulando tumores), forma miliar e evolução não usual (reativação). CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética é método sensível e específico na avaliação das numerosas formas de apresentação atípica da neurocisticercose, as quais devem constar no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões intraventriculares, cisternais, orbitárias e parenquimatosas.

PURPOSE: The typical manifestations of neurocysticercosis are described widely in the literature. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the uncommon presentations of different forms of neurocysticercosis in MR imaging. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 172 cases of neurocysticercosis in MR studies was carried out over a period of 13 years. One hundred and four males and 68 females with a mean age of 32 ± 3.7 years were studied. The studies were performed on 1.5 T GE MR units and T1 was used before and after gadolinium injection, T2 and gradient-echo (T2*) sequences. RESULTS: The authors divided the unusual manifestations of neurocysticercosis into: intraventricular, subarachnoid, spinal, orbital, intraparenchymatous, and reactivation of previously calcified lesions. The results obtained were: intraparenchymatous 95 cases (55.23%); intraventricular 27 cases (15.69%); subarachnoid 20 cases (11.63%); spinal 6 cases (3.49%); orbital 1 case (0.58%); reactivated lesion 1 case (0.58%); association of intraventricular and intraparenchymatous 12 cases (6.98%); association of subarachnoid and intraparenchymatous 6 cases (3.49%); association of subarachnoid and intraventricular, 4 cases (2.32%). CONCLUSION: MR imaging is a sensitive and specific method in the analysis of different forms of unusual manifestations of neurocysticercosis, which should appear in the differential diagnosis of parenchymal, ventricular, spinal, cisternal, and orbital lesions.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o envolvimento do giro para-hipocampal (GPH) em 115 pacientes com esclerose hipocampal (EH) à RM. Estudou-se a porcentagem dos casos com redução volumétrica do fórnix (F) e corpo mamilar (CM) ipsilaterais, lado acometido, sexo, idade e tempo de convulsão. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de 115 casos retirados do nosso arquivo. Foram realizados cortes coronais STIR (3mm de espessura com 0,6mm de espaçamento) em aparelhos GE, Signa Horizon, LX e CVI, 1,5T. RESULTADOS: Nos 115 casos estudados, a idade dos pacientes variava entre 3,5 e 80 anos (média 34,1 anos); 62(53,9%) eram mulheres e 53(46,1%) eram homens; 53(46,0%) à esquerda, 51(44,3%) à direita e 11(9,7%) bilaterais; 43(37,3%) apresentavam GPH com dimensões reduzidas e hipersinal ipsilateral, 29(25,2%) fornix reduzido ipsilateralmente e destes, 10(34,5%) tinham CM alterado ipsilateral. Dos GPH alterados, 23(53,4%) à esquerda e 3(7,1%) bilaterais; 15(34,8%) redução de volume CAF e 5(11,6%) no CM. Sabíamos o tempo de crises de 18(41,8%) pacientes com alteração do GPH e destes, 11(61,1%) apresentavam crises há mais de 20 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que o radiologista deve estar ciente do envolvimento do GPH nos pacientes com esclerose do lobo temporal e sugerimos que o termo esclerose mesial temporal deva somente ser utilizado na presença de alterações do mesmo.

PURPOSE: Analysis of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) involvement in 115 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) by MR imaging. The simultaneous occurrence of ipsilateral fornix (F) and mamillary body (MB) volume loss was checked also. These findings were correlated with the side of hippocampal involvement, the sex, patient´s age, and the symptoms onset. METHOD: The MR images of 115 patients with HS were studied retrospectively. All the examinations were performed on 1.5 T units (SIGNA, GE, Milwaukee, WI) and included high resolution coronal T2-weighted images (3 mm thickness, 0.6 mm gap). RESULTS: The patient's age ranged between 3.5 and 80 years (mean 34.1); 62 (53.9%) were female and 53 (46.1%) were male. There were HS on the left side in 53 (46.0%), on the right side in 51 (44.3%), and bilateral in 11 (9.7%). In 43 (37.3%) cases there were ipsilateral PHG volume loss and signal hyper intensity on T2-weighted imaging. In 29 (25.2%) cases there were ipsilateral fornix volume loss and in 10 (34.5%) of this there were also ipsilateral MB changes. In abnormal PHG, 23 (53.4%) were on the left side, 17 (39.5%) were on the right side, and 3 (7.1%) were bilateral. There were fornix changes in 15 (34.8%) cases and MB volume loss in 5 (11.6%) cases. Pertinent clinical data were obtained in only 18 (41.8%) of the PHG lesion cases and 11 (61.1%) of these patients had epileptic attacks for more than 20 years before the examination. CONCLUSION: PHG involvement must be investigated in patients with HS and we suggest that the term mesial temporal sclerosis should be used only if there are also changes at this anatomical site.

A proposta do trabalho é apresentar os achados radiológicos observados na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução do tórax de dois pacientes com pneumonia intersticial linfocítica e correlacioná-los com os aspectos anatomopatológicos, obtidos a partir de biópsias a céu aberto. Um dos pacientes mostrou, na tomografia, basicamente opacidades em vidro fosco difusas, e o outro tinha infiltração ao longo das bainhas conjuntivas peribroncovasculares. Na anatomopatologia o padrão predominante foi o de infiltração intersticial, especialmente ao longo dos septos alveolares, por linfócitos policlonais. O estudo mostrou estreita correlação entre os achados anatomopatológicos e aqueles observados na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução do tórax.

The purpose of this study is to report the main high-resolution computed tomography findings of two patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography findings were correlated with pathology findings of material obtained from open biopsies. One patient had diffuse ground glass opacities seen on high-resolution computed tomography whereas the other patient had peribroncovascular thickening. Anatomopathology studies showed that the main pattern was polyclonal lymphocyte interstitial infiltration, particularly along alveolar septa. The current study demonstrated a close correlation between high-resolution computed tomography and anatomopathology findings.